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	<title>搜索123</title>
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	<description>搜索吧</description>
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		<title>调查表明中国企业内部控制和风险管理仍待加强</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/07/06/1540067.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/07/06/1540067.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 05:25:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[世界著名会计师事务所之一德勤在此间发布最新调查报告称，近九成的中国企业在金融危机导致经济形势急转直下后，提高了对内部控制和风险管理的重视程度]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世界著名会计师事务所之一德勤在此间发布最新调查报告称，近九成的中国企业在金融危机导致经济形势急转直下后，提高了对内部控制和<a href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm">风险管理</a>的重视程度。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　但是，只有约五成九的企业为应对金融危机而指定了专门的部门落实风险管理和内部控制工作，仅有不到二成四的企业将内控工作的重点从书面制度转变为落地实施，并且加强了监督管理。同样数量的企业增加了内部控制检查的频率，但仅约不到一成八的企业落实了内部控制考核工作。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　这份调查报告题为《中国上市公司内部控制调查分析报告》，是德勤企业风险管理服务部门对中国内地上市公司内部控制实施状况进行的第三次调查活动。参与调查的企业涉及制造业、房地产业、航空与交通运输业、能源与资源业、金融业、公共事业等八大行业。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="3">　　德勤中国企业风险管理服务全国主管合伙人刘伟杰表示：调查结果&ldquo;一定程度上说明，大部分企业在金融危机发生时，能有针对性地加强内控管理，但内部控制实施效果的监督工作却没有得到足够的重视，这在一定程度上表明企业的内控建设更多的是一种&lsquo;救火式&rsquo;的管理，没有建成内控工作的长效机制。&rdquo;</font></span></p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>企业风险管理（五）</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/07/01/1538494.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/07/01/1538494.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2009 05:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/07/01/1538494.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[面对诸如供需快速的变化，景气萧条及企业倒闭坏帐等各种挑战，股东们期望企业对景气及市场的变化有所防备]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第五部分、 结论</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">面对诸如供需快速的变化，景气萧条及企业倒闭坏帐等各种挑战，股东们期望企业对景气及市场的变化有所防备，高阶主管们渐渐对引入风险管理来因应有所认知，企业也开始明白，为了增加企业的竞争力，必须发展<span lang="EN-US"><a title="风险管理" target="_blank" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">风险管理</span></span></a></span>策略。尽管风险管理的策略轮廓尚未清楚，但高阶主管们都应该开始思索风险管理的可能性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>企业风险管理（四-1）</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523863.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523863.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 02:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523863.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[一、科技与基础建设
二、政策与法令
三、实际风险管理计划 

]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第四部分、 会议结果</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、科技与基础建设<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span>二、政策与法令<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span>三、实际风险管理计划<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、 科技与基础建设</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在科技蓬勃发展下，要展开能够降低风险的财政制度并非易事，例如，要如何把<span lang="EN-US"><a title="风险管理" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">风险管理</span></span></a></span>科技及其基础建设引入市场便是首当其冲的难题。再者，<a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm">风险管理</a>科技及其基础建设须具备何种重要条件，始有助于风险管理规划的推广？基于必要性及经济复苏的刺激，企业对风险管理科技及其基础建的需求已很明显。无奈，市面上尚未找到适当的工具以供企业参考。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为能使交易伙伴在交易及供<span lang="EN-US">/</span>需链中，可确认、评估、承受及转换风险，以及让企业把衍生性金融商品与现有系统作整合，市场需要新的科技开发及新的作业模式。例如，企业必须以开放式架构，始能把议价系统与顾客管理系统（<span lang="EN-US">CRM</span>）、供应链管理系统（<span lang="EN-US">SCM</span>）及企业资源规划系统（<span lang="EN-US">Enterprise Resource Planning</span>，<span lang="EN-US">ERP</span>）整合在一起。又如，对于风险管理上及撰写合约上所必须的数据，亦要整合到现有系统中。除此，风险管理工具还必须要与市场需求的预测数据结合。故，有效的风险管理策略发展，是仰赖于风险管理工具、作业模式及系统应用间的紧密结合。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>企业风险管理（三）</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523862.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523862.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 01:59:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523862.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[总体而言，在形形色色的风险中，与会者把营运以内除金融之外，所有可能发生的障碍统称为「实际风险」（Real Risk）]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第三部分、实际风险</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、 定义</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">总体而言，在形形色色的风险中，与会者把营运以内除金融之外，所有可能发生的障碍统称为「实际风险」（<span lang="EN-US">Real Risk</span>）。 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">「实际风险」可以事件发生的机率及其严重性来界定，发生机率越高，但严重性不高的事件，往往是导致股价下跌的重大因素。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">实际风险亦可视为是影响企业股价供需失衡之因。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a title="风险管理" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">风险管理</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">工具必须适切地与市场情况整合，若能具备财金运作的能力，将使<a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm">风险管理</a>工具的使用更加普及。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在此界定下，「实际风险」又可细分为，市场风险、清算风险及付款风险。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二、 关系人</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">与会者认为企业执行长是风险管理解决方案的主要使用者，因为执行长最关心的是如何把股东权益极大化，以及将影响股价的冲击极小化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">三、 「实际风险」之衡量</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">实际风险对企业所造成的冲击，可以融资前及折旧前的现金流量作为指标。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Ajit Nazre</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在会中提出了实质风险之临界值，在此临界值下之风险将不予以考虑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">四、 会议共识</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">会议的首要共识为风险的分类方式。为便于与企业沟通，风险需以流通货币作为量化的标准。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">风险管理不需等到有实质交易发生，或有实质的价值时，即可开始进行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为便于了解流通性及透明性之间的关联，必须先清楚定义何谓流通性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">风险管理工具必须适切地与市场情况整合，若能具备财金运作的能力，将使风险管理工具的使用更加普及。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">会议是基于「市场是现存的」或「市场是自行组成」的假设为前提，引导人们去设计相关组织架构。可是这样的假设并不完备，其实「市场设计」也是很重要的。</span></p>
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		<title>企业风险管理（二）</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523860.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523860.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 01:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523860.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[在过去的15个月中，仅有少数的企业懂得使用风险管理来规避市场风险。市场中又以预测风险、订价风险、产能风险及库存风险为四大常见的商务风险]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第二部分、 四大风险管理案例说明</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在过去的<span lang="EN-US">15</span>个月中，仅有少数的企业懂得使用<span lang="EN-US"><a title="风险管理" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">风险管理</span></span></a></span>来规避市场风险。市场中又以预测风险、订价风险、产能风险及库存风险为四大常见的商务风险，其案例说明，分述如下： </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2a2a2a; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">预测风险（<span lang="EN-US">Forecasting</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在过去<span lang="EN-US">12</span>至<span lang="EN-US">15</span>个月间，错误的市场预测严重影响了高科技产业，例如思科系统（<span lang="EN-US">Cisco System</span>）在<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年上半年的网络设备存货剩余，造成了<span lang="EN-US">22.5</span>亿美元的损失。单季销售额因此下跌了<span lang="EN-US">30%</span>，股价也因此下跌了<span lang="EN-US">80%</span>，最终以裁员收场。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">价格风险（<span lang="EN-US">Price</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">价格浮动是另一个主要的风险来源。以航空业为例，达美航空公司（<span lang="EN-US">Delta Airlines</span>）运用风险规避，在<span lang="EN-US">1999</span>至<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年间，成功躲过了能源价格上涨的危机，公司因此省下了约<span lang="EN-US">6</span>亿美元。同期，西南航空公司（<span lang="EN-US">Southwest Airlines</span>）亦透过原油避险交易方案（<span lang="EN-US">Fuel-hedging Program</span>），为公司省下<span lang="EN-US">4,310</span>万美元。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">产能风险（<span lang="EN-US">Capacity</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">产能管理范畴包含了厂房产能、仓库容量、运送工具产能等，在过去的<span lang="EN-US">15</span>个月，汽车工业、钢铁工业、航空业及电子产业的剩余产能已创下了数以亿计美元的损失。以<span lang="EN-US">1992</span>年的美国航空业为例，在经济衰退及波斯湾战争之阴影下，旅客人数明显减少，产业净损高达<span lang="EN-US">48</span>亿美元。<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年，美商巨积公司（<span lang="EN-US">LSI Logic</span>）花费了<span lang="EN-US">1</span>亿<span lang="EN-US">2,000</span>万至<span lang="EN-US">1</span>亿<span lang="EN-US">5,000</span>万美元，用以支付固定资产之耗损、遣散费、出口成本及因市场需求不足而停止的生产设备费用。故要如何善用组织资源或金融手段来减低产能建置成本，以及提高产能利用率是赚取利润的必修课题。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">原物料风险（<span lang="EN-US">Availability</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><br />1999</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年福特汽车公司（<span lang="EN-US">Ford Motor</span>），因未能顺应触媒转换器原料，包括钯、白金及铑等稀有金属之浮动市价，白白损失了<span lang="EN-US">10</span>亿美元，更导致<span lang="EN-US">23,000</span>人失去工作机会。当时原料市价已下滑六成，但福特仍需以昂贵的合约价进货，可见福特并无规避长期及大宗原物料采买之风险。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></span>反观惠普公司（<span lang="EN-US">Hewlett-Packard</span>），却善用客观的选择权分析，每年为公司省下约<span lang="EN-US">7,200</span>万美元。除此，惠普还会透过网络采购中心去平衡期货及现货市场，以分散供应链分险。公司因此可安心采买比预期更多的零组件，再利用现货市场将多余的存货抛售。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		<title>企业风险管理（一）</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523859.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523859.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 01:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523859.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[随着非核心产品及服务纷纷委外处理，顾客、供货商、合作伙伴及竞争者间之关系越加紧密]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第一部分、 风险管理</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">随着非核心产品及服务纷纷委外处理，顾客、供货商、合作伙伴及竞争者间之关系越加紧密。现有企业可谓是金融风险、产品风险、市场风险及供应风险的集合体，传统的竞争模式已显不足。大部份企业在为股东争取利益最大化的同时，亦需要降低营运风险，故<span lang="EN-US"><a title="风险管理" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">风险管理</span></span></a></span>已不只是金融面才需要的管理，而是整体竞争模式下的必要手段。正如<span lang="EN-US">Intellidex</span>公司执行长<span lang="EN-US">Narry Singh</span>表示，在相互依存与连结的市场环境中，机会的来源往往也是风险的来源。<span lang="EN-US"></p>
<p></span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一、 现况分析</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">尽管企业已有科技风险的概念，亦将计算机、因特网及电子商务等风险视为仅次于雇用风险（<span lang="EN-US">Employment-related Risk</span>）的重大风险，但企业却未因此把科技因素纳入整体的风险管理中。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">根据<span lang="EN-US">St. Paul</span>公司最近于美国与欧洲进行的研究调查显示，在<span lang="EN-US">1,500</span>家的受访企业中，只有<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>设有风险管理委员会（<span lang="EN-US">Risk Management Committees</span>）或其它正式的组织团体，进行科技风险评估；而在这<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>的企业中，亦只有<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>认为科技<a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm">风险管理</a>是有效的。在受访的风险管理师中，<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>坦诚其对科技风险欠缺了解，只有<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>认为自己已非常了解科技风险。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Aon Corporation</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的研究报告显示，企业的财务长普遍希望能以策略性方式，延伸传统风险管理的审计范畴，最好能在营运与决策的过程中，把风险管理视为策略性目标的构成要素。但调查发现，只有<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>的财务长满意目前的风险管理方式，超过<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>表示非常不满意或稍微满意。对于年营业额在<span lang="EN-US">10</span>亿美元以上的大型企业而言，满意度比中小企业高，而对于金融服务业及能源产业而言，其满意度亦相对偏高。为了缩短理想与现实的差距，<span lang="EN-US">39%</span>的受访者将在三年内推行综合式的风险管理，但仍有<span lang="EN-US">12%</span>的受访者表示会维持原有的风险管理机制。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由以上两个调查结果不难发现，规避风险及视风险管理为核心策略的企业需求已渐趋成熟。无奈，拥有风险管理工具的人，不一定了解企业的实际风险；而了解企业实际风险的人，又不一定拥有适当的工具。此外，风险管理常被视为是一种保险，一个对于不确定性的缓冲区。其实，从案例说明中可得知，风险管理机制应作为不确定性的发现，而风险本身却可视为利润中心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">二、 风险管理之行为因素</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">根据以上讨论，与会者认为在面对风险管理时，必须了解各大面向可能影响风险管理之行为因素：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">风险管理之发展障碍：害怕与恐惧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Courier New&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'">o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">产业对于如同&ldquo;黑箱作业&rdquo;般的风险管理解决方案深感恐惧，因为这样的作业方式，很可能会引发其它的风险。 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Courier New&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'">o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">风险管理师往往将风险管理视为职场上的另一项变量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Courier New&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'">o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于非常重视员工绩效的执行长而言，他们害怕风险管理所产生的效果，最终会成为员工表现欠佳的借口。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">风险管理之助力：贪婪与野心<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Pat Finegan</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">表示，就是贪婪与野心把<span lang="EN-US">1980</span>年代的高风险融资合并（<span lang="EN-US">LBOs</span>）风潮化险为夷。<span lang="EN-US">Graydon</span>补充说明，这也就是所谓的中心街道（<span lang="EN-US">Main Street</span>）与华尔街（<span lang="EN-US">Wall Street</span>）的不连接性现象。意味着，有些风险是不用刻意避开，有些却要用心操作，因为风险管理也可以是牟利的工具。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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		<title>企业风险管理（前言）</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523858.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523858.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 01:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523858.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[由于近两年全球经济急遽萎缩与不景气，美国各大工业，包括高科技产业、电信业及汽车制造业等，纷纷出现了呆帐、裁员，甚至倒闭的现象]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由于近两年全球经济急遽萎缩与不景气，美国各大工业，包括高科技产业、电信业及汽车制造业等，纷纷出现了呆帐、裁员，甚至倒闭的现象。尽管企业先前已经投下了数以亿计的资金于供应链管理（<span lang="EN-US">Supply Chain Management</span>，<span lang="EN-US">SCM</span>）系统及顾客关系管理（<span lang="EN-US">Customer Relationship Management</span>，<span lang="EN-US">CRM</span>）系统上，但仍不足以应对变幻莫测之市场环境。而错误之市场供需预测，或为企业带来了庞大的库存压力，或让企业失去了市场契机，最终更造成股东难以估计的损失。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">凡此种种，说明了企业对于商业风险（<span lang="EN-US">Business Risk Management</span>）处理能力的欠缺，亦引证了业界对于<span lang="EN-US">TEXT-INDENT: <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="pt" sourcevalue="18" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">18pt</st1:chmetcnv></span>的急迫需求。然而&ldquo;<span lang="EN-US"><a title="风险管理" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">风险管理</span></span></a></span>&rdquo;一词已是业界之陈腔滥调，在著名搜寻引擎&ldquo;<span lang="EN-US">Google</span>&rdquo;中，可轻易找到接近<span lang="EN-US">122</span>万笔的相关数据，但由于数据大多为艰涩难懂，实有必要针对实际之商务风险进行研究。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为加强企业对于风险管理需求之认知，<span lang="EN-US">CommerceNet</span>及<span lang="EN-US">Milken Institute</span>邀集了产业界、金融界及负责政策研拟之专家学者们进行圆桌会议注<span lang="EN-US">1</span>，研究风险管理在非金融产业中的应用及对其影响，并探讨在提升国际社会对于商务风险之认知及相关工具之发展时，是否需要非市场性之介入。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在此前提之下，本会议主要任务包括：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">发展一套可强化风险认知、办识、评估、防范及管理之前瞻性思维； <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">发展一套可以影响与风险管理及风险透明化相关之科技、基础建设发展、政策架构及规范的策略；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">发展一套可以引导与影响风险管理相关之研究、先导计划、应用工具及程序的方法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在会议的筹备阶段，<span lang="EN-US">CommerceNet</span>及<span lang="EN-US">Milken Institute</span>已完成了密集的企业访谈及多次的专题研讨，访谈对象皆为企业领导者，访谈人数超过<span lang="EN-US">80</span>位。从前置研究中得知，<span lang="EN-US">CommerceNet</span>及<span lang="EN-US">Milken Institute</span>可藉由与风险管理的体认（<span lang="EN-US">Awareness</span>）、提倡（<span lang="EN-US">Advocacy</span>），及采用（<span lang="EN-US">Adoption</span>）等相关议题之研究，协助商业及政策团体进入风险管理新世代。本会议探讨了数项增加风险管理必要性的趋势，并找出<span lang="EN-US">20</span>余项可以利用的解决方案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于曾因预测风险（<span lang="EN-US">Forecasting Risk</span>）、价格风险（<span lang="EN-US">Pricing Risk</span>）、产能风险（<span lang="EN-US">Capacity Risk</span>）及原物料风险（<span lang="EN-US">Availability Risk</span>）而导致收入损失之企业而言，建议可先阅读本报告中第二章 &mdash; 「四大风险管理案例说明」。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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		<item>
		<title>企业风险管理的7种方法</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523857.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523857.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 01:48:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/17/1523857.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[为什么说企业的风险管理是一项重要的工作呢？因为每个企业在经营中都有可能性发生风险，只有加强风险意识]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 为什么说企业的<span lang="EN-US"><a title="风险管理" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">风险管理</span></span></a></span>是一项重要的工作呢？因为每个企业在经营中都有可能性发生风险，只有加强风险意识，进行科学的管理和科学的决策，建立起相应的制度才能避免风险的发生。但如何化解和减少风险是企业经营者必须进行研究的。在企业家的头脑中首先要明确有哪几种风险，然后有的放矢地采取措施。从目前市场环境来看大致有七种风险，相应采取的措施有： <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第一为投资风险。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">它是指因投资不当造成投产企业经营的效益不好，投资资本下跌。企业对此应采取：在项目投资前，一定要各职能部门和项目评审组一起进行严格的、科学的审查和论证，不能盲目运作。对外资项目更不能作风险承诺，也不能作差额担保和许诺固定回报率。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第二为经济合同风险。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">它是指企业在履行经济合同过程中，对方违反合同规定或遇到不可抗力影响，造成本企业的经济损失。因此，企业在进行经营和产品合同签订后的履约及赔偿责任问题。合同签订后还应密切注视其执行情况，要有远见地处理随时发生的变化。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第三为产品市场风险。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">它是指因市场变化、产品滞销等原因导致跌价或不能及时卖出自己的产品。产生市场风险的原因有三个：（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）市场销售不景气，包括市场疲软和产品产销不对路；（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）商品更新换代快，新产品不能及时投放市场；（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）国外进口产品挤占国内市场。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第四为存货风险。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">它是指因价格变动或过时、自然损耗等损失引起存货价值减少。这时企业应马上清理存货，生产时要控制投入、控制采购、按时产出，加强保管。有些观念保守的企业担心存货贬值，怕影响当前效益，长期不处理，结果造成产品积压，损失越来越大。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第五为债务风险。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">它是指企业举债不当或举债后资金使用不当致使企业遭受损失。为了避免企业资产负债，企业应控制负债比率。许多企业因股东投资强度不够，便以举债扩大生产经营或盲目扩大征税，结果提高资产负债率，造成资金周转不灵，还会影响正常地还本付息。最有可能导致企业资不抵债而破产。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第六为担保风险。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">它是指为其他企业的贷款提供担保，最后因其他企业无力还款而代其偿还债务。企业应谨慎办理担保业务，严格审批手续，一定要完善反担保手续以避免不必要的损失。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第七为汇率风险。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">它是指企业在经营进出口及其他对外经济活动时，因本国与外国汇率变动，使企业在兑换过程中遭受的损失。企业平时就要随时注意其外币债务。密切注视各种货币的汇率变化，以便采取相应措施。特别是在银行有外币贷款的企业更应如此。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
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		<title>看开发商会不会傻到“原地踏步”</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/11/1516091.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/11/1516091.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 07:55:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[未分类]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/11/1516091.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[在中国楼市，谁也翻不起大浪，所以出现房价复涨，不过是目前政府与经济都需要一个不断实现成交的房地产，一旦经济回稳，房价治理依然会通过行政程序。
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><font face="宋体">首先是拿地，固然有过红火，类似地王般的争抢，但毕竟只是少数，万科一方面成为了佛山地王，另一方面却在广州败于拿地，证明了开发商拿地一头热的现象已经一去不复返了，再看营销政策与订价策略，实际上，本轮房价反弹，一是城市功能升级，特区与产业重组带来重大利好，另一方面是需求推涨房价，由于开发商营销以需求博弈为主，并且控制了产品结构与产品供应量，所以通过需求博弈来获得涨价，幅度并不出奇，而且随意性正在减弱。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><font face="宋体">更多开发商开始重视成本优化与资产结构优化，重视硬实力的增长，放缓了开发节奏，对土地储备进行了认真思考，在管理模式与产品研究方面也正在强化管理，这些都预示着伴随反弹的是更为理性的开发。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><font face="宋体">最后，银行与开发商的角色与地位悄悄发生了改变，基于救经济的安排，基于适当从宽的货币政策与积极财政政策，大幅度提升了银行的自主性，也强化了银行<a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm">风险管理</a>意识，因此银行对开发商的关系，已经由蜜月而正常伙伴，更多主流开发商谋求与银行的战略协作伙伴关系。在此环境下，开发商开发的随意性减弱，不经历市场研究就拍脑袋定位的事情肯定会减少，因此垃圾建筑定会减量。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt"><font face="宋体">在中国楼市，谁也翻不起大浪，所以出现房价复涨，不过是目前政府与经济都需要一个不断实现成交的房地产，一旦经济回稳，房价治理依然会通过行政程序。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
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		<title>基金投资中的风险管理</title>
		<link>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/10/1513883.aspx</link>
		<comments>http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/10/1513883.aspx#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2009 06:01:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>searcher</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[商海]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.donews.com/search123/archive/2009/06/10/1513883.aspx</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[经过了2008年的市场暴跌，广大投资者都明白了在投资中做好风险管理的重要性。]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">经过了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年的市场暴跌，广大投资者都明白了在投资中做好<a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbcs.com.cn/chinese/doc49.htm">风险管理</a>的重要性。可以毫不夸张地说，投资管理其实主要就是风险控制。这一问题可以从两个角度来考察：基金经理是否有效管理了基金的净值波动风险，基金投资者是否有效管理自己所投资基金组合的风险。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　目前投资者买基金主要还是看业绩排名，这样做的同时往往忽略了更重要的东西</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">&#8211;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">风险，阶段业绩排名靠前的基金有些是通过承担过高风险取得的，这样的业绩并不能真实反映基金经理的管理水平，我们还需要关心潜伏在背后的风险水平。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">投资者在具体的基金产品投资过程中，总会存在购买后基金净值缩水而导致基金套牢的情况。如何成功解套，取决于投资者对投资失误采取什么样的补救措施。为此，还需要投资者遵循以下五项法则。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第一，分析失误形成的原因。基金投资亏损的原因不外乎客观原因和主观原因两个方面。从客观方面来讲，要重点分析基金成长过程中面临的投资环境，而从主观原因方面则重点考虑基金管理人管理和运作基金产品的能力，尤其是基金投资目标和策略、投资风格的变化等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第二，识别并理清投资方法的合理性。投资者投资基金均会采取一定的投资方法，是采取了一次性投资产生的亏损，还是分次投资产生的亏损，尤其是定期定额投资，投资者应当对不同的方法采取不同的对策。对于一次性投资法产生的套牢，只要基金的基本面没有变化，可以采取补仓的办法，摊低基金的购买成本。但对于分次投资产生的亏损，应当把握未来投资的节奏，避免产生新的投资亏损。对于定期定额产生的亏损，应当从长计议，忽略短期亏损，而着眼于长期投资收益。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第三，了解基金亏损的程度。当亏损幅度超越了投资者的风险承受底线时，投资者不妨做相应的赎回行动，以避免亏损进一步扩大。但在投资者可承受的范围之内，投资者可以选择补仓的办法，等待新的投资机会的出现，而不应当盲目调整。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第四，提高补救措施的执行力。投资者在对基金产品的亏损状况进行分析后，采取补仓或者是赎回，应当有效执行。避免因为拖延而使良好的投资机会丧失。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第五，主动补救而不是被动解套。尽管基金是一种长期投资和价值投资产品，只要投资者坚持了长期投资，出现了短期的投资亏损，也可以通过时间换空间的方式，使亏损得到弥补。但这种被动的投资方式，并不利于投资者投资收益的提升。这就需要投资者结合基金产品的表现，对持有的基金产品进行优化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　基金投资者如何有效管理自己所投资基金组合的风险主要依赖两大手段：资产配置和组合优选。通过仓位控制来调节投资风险，其实就是通过控制总的风险暴露水平来降低可能的损失。它可以绝对降低可能的损失，但同时也丧失了获利的可能。品种的选择也很重要，这就是要找到有超额收益能力的基金，达到以较低的风险暴露赢得同等收益的目的。在这几年中国经济持续增长、金融市场大发展的背景下，机会更是难得。但是在投资前还是应该充分认识风险，选择适合自己理财目标的产品进行投资。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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