2004年09月08日

强烈推荐 可以进行乘车路线搜索

http://www.maporama.com/share/

另一个网站也很不错

http://www.multimap.com/

2004年09月03日

http://www.fact-index.com/c/co/common_phrases_in_different_languages.html

English (Germanic)

As a sample, here’s English, according to British Received Pronunciation, followed by American English/Standard American English:

  • English: English /”iN lIS/, /IN glIS/
  • hello: hello /”hE l@U/, /hE low/
  • good-bye: good-bye /’gUd “baI/, /gUd baj/
  • please: please /pli:z/, /pliz/
  • thank you: thank you /”T{Nk ju:/, /T&Nk ju/
  • that one: that one /”D{t wVn/, /D&t wVn/
  • how much?: how much /haU “mVtS/, /haw mVtS/
  • yes: yes /jEs/, /jEs/
  • no: no /n@u/, /noU/
  • sorry: sorry /’sOr\\`i/
  • I don’t understand: I don’t understand /aI’d@Unt Vnd@:s’t{nd/
  • where’s the bathroom?: where’s the bathroom? /wE@z D@ “bA:T r\\`Um/, /wEr\\`z D@ b&T r\\`um/
  • generic toast: bottoms up! /’bA t@mz “Vp/, /bA t@mz Vp/
  • Do you speak English? /du: ju: spi:k “IN liS/, /du ju spik IN glIS/


Albanian (Albanian)

  • Albanian: shqip /Sk_jip/ (shkEEp)
  • hello: tungjatjeta /tun g_jat jE ta/ (tUhn-ngIAt-IEta)
  • good-bye: mirupafshim /mi ru paf Sim/ (mEEr-Uh-oA-fshEEm)
  • please: ju lutem /ju lu tEm/ (iU LU-tehm)
  • thank you: faleminderit /fa 5E min dE rit/ (fAh-leh-mEE-nde-rEEt)
  • that one: at? /a t@/ (ATEH)
  • how much? sa ?sht?? /sa @S t@/ (sAh ush-te)
  • English: anglisht /an gliSt/ (ahn-GLEE-sht)
  • yes: po /po/ (POE)
  • no: jo /jo/ (IOH)
  • sorry: m? fal /m@ fal/ (mUh FAL)
  • I don’t understand: nuk kuptoj /nuk kup toj/ (nUhk KUP-toi)
  • where’s the bathroom?: ku ?sht? banjoja? /ku @S t@ ba Jo ja/ (kuh ush-tEh bA-nio-jA)
  • generic toast: g?zuar /g@ zu ar/ (gUh-zuh-ar)
  • Do you speak English?: flisni Anglisht? /flis ni an gliSt/ (flee-snEE ahn-GLEE-sht)

Note: All the sounds above are in the Ogg Vorbis format.


Arabic (Semitic)

Note that this is relevant only to Classical Arabic; since these are commonplace words, they’re often changed in local dialects, meaning most Arabs, even educated ones, will have difficulty understanding these in common usage.

Pronunciation guide: Stress in Arabic is most often on the penult syllable (i.e. one preceding the last). For the SAMPA transcriptions, /h/ is a glottal fricative; /h./ represents a voiceless pharyngeal fricative; /‘/ represents a voiced pharyngeal fricative; /’/ represents a glottal stop, and /:/ represents lengthening of the preceding phoneme. These are represented as double letters in the “spelling guide”, and should be emphasized; the other spellings should be apparent from comparison with the SAMPA transcription.

  • Arabic: ???????? /al ‘ara’bi:ja/ (ahl ‘a ruh bee ya)
  • hello: ?????? /marX\\a’ba/ (mer hhuh bun)
  • good-bye: ??? ??????? /ilal:iqa/ (ila-lliqa)
  • please: ?? ????
  • thank you: ????? /Sukran/ (shook run)
  • that one: ???
  • how much?: ???? /kam:/ (kamm)
  • English: ??????????? /al iNgli:’zi:ja/ (al-ingleeziyya)
  • yes: ??? /na‘am/ (na ‘am)
  • no: ?? /la:/ (laa)
  • Where’s the bathroom?: ??? ???????? /a’inal X\\am:am/ (a’ina-l-hammam?, a ee null hhum mum?)

note: these were snagged off of Ajeeb.com\’s Web translator, with SAMPA and spelling guide renderings a best-guess only.


Basque

Note on SAMPA: a comma after a fricative indicates that it is apical rather than laminal.

  • Basque: Euskara /ews ka ra/
  • hello: kaixo /kaj S,o/
  • good-bye: agur /a gu4/
  • please: mesedez /me se des,/
  • thank you: Eskerrik asko /es ke rik as ko/
  • that one: hori /ho 4i/
  • how much?: zenbat /s,en bat/
  • English: ingelesa /in ge le sa/
  • yes: bai /baj/
  • no: ez /es,/
  • generic toast:


Breton (Celtic)

  • Breton: breton /”bRet0~n/
  • hello: salud /”sa:lyt/
  • good-bye: kenavo /kena”vo:/
  • please: mar plij /maR pliS/
  • thank you: trugarez /tRy”ga:REs/
  • that one: hennezh /”ennEs/
  • how much?: pegement ? /pe”gemEn/
  • yes: ya /ja/
  • no: nann /na~n/
  • sorry: digarez /di”gaREs/
  • I don’t understand: ne gomprenan ket /ne gO~mpRena~n ket/
  • where’s the bathroom?: pelec’h ema? ar sal dour ? /pe”lEx ema aR zal duR/
  • generic toast: yec’hed mat ! /jehEt mat/
  • Do you speak English? kaozeal a rit saozneg ? /kozeal a Rit saoznEk/

Dune series)”>

Chakobsa (Fictional from the Dune series)

  • Buglere: Buglerege /buu le AY e/
  • hello: cheklemine /che klay mee NAY/
  • good-bye: bachage no /ba CHA ge no/
  • please:
  • thank you: kle no /klay no/
  • that one: lle /ye/
  • how much?: zenbat /s,en bat/
  • English: ingelez /ing lez/
  • yes: no /no/
  • no: meno /may no/
  • generic toast: kle no


Catalan (Romance)

  • Catalan: Català /k?t?’lA/
  • hello: hola /’Ol?/
  • good-bye: adeu /?’DEw/
  • please: si us plau /sis’plAw/
  • thank you: gràcies /’grAsj?s/; mercès /m?r’sEs/
  • sorry: p?rdo /p?r’dO/
  • that one: aquest /?’kEt/ (masc.); aquesta /?’kEst?/ (fem.)
  • how much?: quant val? /’kwAm’bAl/; quant es? /’kwAn’tes/
  • yes: si /’sI/
  • no: no /’nO/
  • I don’t understand: No ho entenc /’no w?n’te?/
  • where’s the bathroom?: on es el bany? /’on’ez?l’BaJ/; on es el lavabo? /’On’Ez?l’l?’bAbu/
  • generic toast: salut! /s@’lut/;
  • Do you speak English?: Que parla angles? /k? ‘pArl? ?n’glEs/
  • Do you speak Catalan?: Que parla català? /k? ‘pArl? k?t?’lA/


Chinese, Mandarin (Chinese)

Note: tone 1 is high and level; 2 is rising; 3 is dipping; 4 is falling. A dot following SAMPA palatals indicates a retroflexed phoneme. For more info, see pinyin. Also note that the first set of characters preceding the slashes are in simplified Chinese characters and the ones following the slashes are in traditional characters.

  • Mandarin Chinese: 普通话 / 普通話 (pu3-tong1-hua4) /phu thON hwa/ (poo-tongue-hwa) or 国语 / 國語 (guo2 yu3) /kwO jy/ (gwaw yoo)

(Usage Note: The first term is used in mainland China, while the second term is used on Taiwan.)

  • hello: 你好 / 你好 (ni3-hao3) /ni haw/ (knee-how)
  • good-bye: 再见 / 再見 (zai4-jian4) /tsaj cian/ (T’SIgh-JEn)
  • please: 请 / 請 (qing3) /tSiN/ (cheeng)
  • thank you: 谢谢 / 謝謝 (xie4-xie4) /CjE-CjE/ (shyeh-shyeh)
  • that one: 那个 / 那個 (na4.ge) /nEj g@/ (nay guh)

(Usage Note: The second syllable of “nei4 ge” is actually a generic measure word; it is replaced by the appropriate measure word for the noun it refers to. Therefore, one uses “nei4 zhi1″ when referring to a chopstick, “nei4 zhang1″ when referring to a table, and so forth. “Zhi1″ means stick or branch, and “zhang1″ means “sheet” as in “sheet of paper”.)

  • how much?: 多少 / 多少 (duo1-shao3) /dwO S.aw/ (dwaw shahw)
  • English: 英文 / 英文 (ying1-wen2) /YIN-w@n/ (yeeng won)
  • yes: 是 / 是 (shi4) /S.r./ (sure)

(Usage Note: This actually means “it is” and can only be used in an answer to a question with the verb “to be”. Languages like Chinese, Irish, Toki Pona, and Welsh do not have words for “yes” or “no”. Instead you repeat the main verb of the question in your answer.)

  • no: 不是 / 不是 (bu2-shi4) /pu S.r./ (Boo-Sure)5 or 否 / 否 (fou3) /fO/ (foe)
  • where’s the bathroom?: 厕所在那里 / 廁所在哪裏 (ce4 suo3 zai4 na2 li3?) /ts@ swO tsaj na li/ (tsuh swaw tzai nah lee?) — Not the politest, but you’ll get your point across!
  • generic toast: 干杯 / 乾杯 (gan1 bei1) /gan p@j/ (gahn bay)


Czech (Slavic)

  • Czech: ?esky (CHEHskee) /tSEski/
  • hello: dobry’ den (DObree den) /dobri dEn/ Literal translation: good day
  • good-bye: na shledanou (nas KHLEdanow) /nas xlEdano/
  • please: prosím (PROseem)
  • thank you: děkuji vam (DYEkooyi vam)
  • that one: tam ten (tam ten)
  • how much?: kolik (KOlik)
  • English: anglicky (anglyscy)
  • yes: ano /A no/
  • no: ne /ne/
  • generic toast: Na zdraví //


Danish (Germanic)

  • Danish: dansk /dansk/
  • hello: hej /hi/
  • good-bye: farvel /fah-vel/
  • please: 1 (Be understood. A matter of course, if not V?r venlig)

(Usage Note: No word directly corresponds to the word “please”. Danish and Finnish express the concept of politeness in a request in various ways.)

  • thank you: tak /tack/
  • that one: denne /DEN-nuh/
  • how much?: hvor meget koster det? /vo MY-it/
  • English: engelsk /ENG-uhlsk/
  • yes: ja /ya/
  • no: nej /nigh/
  • can I take your picture?: Maa jeg tage et billede af dig?
  • Where is the bathroom?: Hvor er der et toilet? /toa’laett/
  • where do you come from?: Hvor kommer du fra?
  • do you speak English?: Kan du tale engelsk?
  • generic toast: sk?l /skal/


Dutch (Germanic)

  • Dutch: Nederlands /ne-d@r-lAns/ (NAY-der-lahnds)
  • hello: hallo /hA-lo/ (hah-LOW)
  • good-bye: tot ziens /tOt zins/ (tott-ZEENS)
  • please: alstublieft /Als-ty-blift/ (AHL-stu-BLEEFT)
  • thank you: dankjewel /dANk-j@-wEl/ (DAHNK-ya-WELL)
  • that one: die /di/ (dee)
  • how much?: hoeveel /hu:-vel/ (who-VEIL)
  • English: Engels /EN-@ls/ (ENGels)
  • yes: ja /ja/ (ya)
  • no: nee /ne/ (ney)
  • generic toast: proost /prost/ (prohw-st)


Ekspreso (planned, based on European languages)

  • Ekspreso: Ekspreso (ex-PREY-so)
  • hello: halo (HAH-low)
  • welcome: bonvenied (bon-vay-nee-ED)
  • good-bye: adio (a-dee-OH)
  • please: per favor (per FAH-vor)
  • thank you: grasias (GRAH-see-yass)
  • sorry: perdonen (per-DOEN-nehn)
  • that one: isa (EE-saw)
  • how much?: kuanto? (KWAN-toe)
  • English: angles (an-GLACE)
  • yes: si (SEE)
  • no: no (NOH)
  • I don’t understand: Mio no komprenden (MEE-oh NOH kom-PRAYN-dayn)


Esperanto (planned, based on European languages)

  • Esperanto: Esperanto /EspEranto/
  • hello: saluton /salut@Un/
  • good-bye: ?is /dZis/
  • please: mi petas /mi@ pEtas/
  • thank you: dankon /dank@U/
  • that one: tiu /ti@U/
  • how much?: kiom /ki@Um/
  • English: la angla /la angla/
  • yes: jes /jes/
  • no: ne /ne/
  • Where is the bathroom?: Kie estas la necesejo? /kie Estas la nEtsEseIo/
  • generic toast: je via sano /jE via sano/
  • Do you speak English?: ?u vi parolas angle? /tSu vi parolas anglE/


Estonian (Finno-Ugric)

  • Estonian: eesti
  • hello: tere
  • good-bye: head aega
  • please: palun
  • thank you: ait?h
  • that one: see
  • how much?: kui palju
  • English: inglise
  • yes: jah
  • no: ei
  • sorry: vabandage
  • I don’t understand: Ma ei saa aru
  • generic toast: terviseks
  • Do you speak English?: Kas te r??gite inglise keelt?


Finnish (Finno-Ugric)

  • Finnish: suomi /swo mi/ (sue-o-MI)
  • hello: p?iv?? (p}j v}:) (pay-vaeh) (except the vowels are like “pay” with the vowel from “cat” followed by the vowel from “tick”; the syllable “vaeh” has the long syllable from “bad”)
  • good-bye: n?kemiin /n} ke mi:n/ (NACK-eh-MEAN)
  • please:  1
  • thank you: kiitos /ki: tos/ (key-toss)
  • that one: tuo /tu o/ (to-oh)
  • how much?: kuinka paljon /kujn ka pal jon/ (kuyn-kah pal-yon)
  • English: englanti /EN lan ti/ (ENG-lan-TEH)
  • yes: kyll? /ky l:}/ (kul-laeh)
  • no: ei /ej/ (ey)
  • sorry: anteeksi /an te:k si/ (“On take see”)
  • where is the toilet?: miss? on vessa? /mi s:} on ve s:a/(MIS-sah on VEHS-sah)
  • generic toast: kippis /ki p:is/ (KIP-pis)


French (Romance)

  • French: fran?ais /frA~ sE/ (“fraw(n)-SAY”)
  • hello: bonjour /bO~ ZuR/ (“boh(n)-zhure”)
  • good-bye: au revoir /o R@ vwaR/ (“oh-reh-VWA”)
  • please: s’il vous pla?t /sil vu plE/ (“seal vuh play”)
  • thank you: merci /mER si/ (“mair-SEE”)
  • that one: cela /s@ la/ (“SEH-lah”)
  • how much?: combien /kO~ bjE~/ (“ko(n)m-BYEN”)
  • English: anglais /A~ glE/ (“ah(n)-GLAY”)
  • yes: oui /wi/ (“wee”)
  • no: non /nO~/ (“nah(n)”)
  • sorry: pardon /paR dO~/ (“pahr-do(n)”), excusez-moi /Eks ky ze mwa/ (“ex-KYU-say-mwa”)
  • I don’t understand: Je ne comprends pas /Zh@ n@ co~’pRA~ ‘pa/ (“ZHE ne CO(N)M-pro(n) Pah”)
  • where’s the bathroom?: Où sont les toilettes? /u sO~ le twa lEt/ (“ooh SO(N) lay twa-LET)8
  • generic toast: Santé! /sA~te/ (“sahn-TAY”)
  • Do you speak English?: Parlez-vous anglais? /paR le vu A~ glE/ (“PAR-lay voo zah(n)-GLAY”)
  • I don’t know: Je ne sais pas /Zh@ n@ sAi ‘pa/ (“ZHE ne Sa(i) Pah”)


German (Germanic)

  • German: Deutsch /dojtS/ (doytch)
  • hello: hallo /h@’l:o:/ (hullo in Received Pronunciation)
  • good-bye: auf Wiedersehen /awf ‘?vi:dERze:n/ (owf vee dare zane)
  • please: bitte /’bIt:@/ (bit uh)
  • thank you: danke /’daNkE/ (dahn keh)
  • that one: das /’dAs/ (“dus” in “dust”)
  • how much?: wie viel? /’vi ‘?fi:l/ (vee feel)
  • English: Englisch /’ENlIS/ (eng glish)
  • yes: ja /’ja/ (yaah)
  • no: nein /’najn/ (nine)
  • where’s the bathroom?: Wo ist die Toilette? /’vo ‘?ist ‘?di: ?toi’lEt:@/ (voe ist dee toy-let-te)8
  • generic toast: prosit /pRo’zit/ (pro zeat) or prost /’pRo:st/ (prohst)
  • Do you speak English?: Sprechen Sie Englisch? /’SpRECEn ‘?zi: ‘?ENlIS/ (Shpreh-shen zee eng-lish)
  • I don’t understand: Ich verstehe nicht. /’IC ?fER’Ste:@ ‘?nICt/ (IS fair-shtay-uh nisht)
  • Sorry: Entschuldigung /Ent’SUldIgUN/ (ant shool dih goong)


Greek


Hawaiian (Malayo-Polynesian)

  • Hawaiian: Hawai`i /ha wa i ?i/ (ha why ee)
  • hello: aloha /a lo ha/ (a low ha)
  • good-bye: A hui hou. /A hu i ho u/ (a hoo-ee hoe)
  • please: e `olu `olu `oe /e ?o lu ?o lu ?o e/ (ey owe-loo owe-loo owe-ay)
  • thank you: mahalo /ma ha lo/ (ma ha low)
  • yes: `ae /?a e/ (ah ay)
  • no: `a`ole /?a ?o le/ (uh-oh lay)
  • how much?: `ehia? /?e hi a/ (ay hee uh)
  • Where is the restroom?: Aia i hea ka lumi ho`opaupilikia? /A i a i he a ka lu mi ho ?o pa u pi li ki a/ (ah ee ah ee ka loo mee hoe owe pow pee lee kee uh)
  • generic toast: Ola /o la/ (Oh la)

(Other useful words in Hawaiian:)

  • foreigner: haole “howlie”


Hebrew (Semitic)

  • Hebrew: ????? ivrit /Iv’RIt/
  • hello: ???? shalom/SV’lom/

  • good-bye: ??????? lehitraot /lEhitRV’ot/
  • please: ????? bevakasha /bEvVkV’SV/
  • thank you: ???? toda /to’dV/
  • that one: ?? ?? et ze /Et zE/
  • how much? ??? kama /’kVmV/
  • English: ?????? anglit /Vn’glIt/
  • yes ?? ken /kEn/
  • no: ?? lo /lo/
  • generic toast: ????? le-chaim /lE’Xaim/


Hindi (Indo-Iranian)

  • Hindi: //
  • hello: namaste
  • good-bye: phir milenge
  • please: meherbani seh
  • thank you: dhanya-waad
  • that one: woh wala
  • how much?: kitna
  • English: angrezi
  • yes: hanji
  • no: ji nahi
  • sorry: maaf karna
  • what?: kya?
  • how?: kaise?
  • generic toast:


Hungarian (Finno-Ugric)

  • Hungarian: magyar /’mA gjAr/
  • hello: szervusz /’servus/ (szia, /’seeya/ common amongst friends)
  • good-bye: viszontlátásra /vi sont la: ta:S ra/ (‘we sont laa taash ra}
  • please: kérem szépen /’keeram seepan’
  • thank you: k?sz?n?m /’k2s2n2m/
  • that one: az /’Az/
  • how much?: mennyi? /’me nj:i/
  • yes: igen /’i gen/
  • no: nem /’nEm/
  • sorry: bocsánat /bo tSa: nat/ (‘BO chaa nat)
  • I don’t understand: nem értem /’nEm e:r’tem/
  • where’s the bathroom?: Hol van a mosdó? /hol van a moS do:/ (‘hole wan o moshdoh)
  • generic toast: egészségedre /E ge:S se: ged re/ (‘ageesheeged ray)
  • Do you speak English?: Beszél angolul? /be se:l an go lul/ (‘baseel ongoluul)


Icelandic (Germanic)

  • Icelandic: íslenska /i:s len ska/ (EES-len-ska)
  • hello: góean dag /gou: Dan da:G/ (GOH-than dahg)
  • good-bye: bless /blEs:/
  • please: gj?reu svo vel /gj2r TY sO vE:l/ (GYUHR-thuh so vel)
  • thank you: takk fyrir /tahk fI:rIr/ (tahk FEER-eer)
  • that one: tetta /Te t:a/ (thetta)
  • how much?: hversu mikie /xver sY mI:cID/ (KVAIR-suh mickith)
  • English: enska /en ska/ (enn skah)
  • yes: /jau:/ (yow)
  • no: nei /nej/ (nay)
  • generic toast: skál! /skau:l/ (skowl)  


Ido (planned, reformed version of Esperanto)

  • Ido: Ido
  • hello: bona jorno
  • good-bye: adio
  • please: bonvole
  • thank you: danko
  • that one: co
  • how much: quanta
  • English: angla
  • yes: yes
  • no: no
  • generic toast:  


Indonesian (Malayo-Polynesian)

(note: N is pronounced like ng in king)

  • Indonesian: bahasa Indonesia /ba-ha-sa in-do-ne-sia/
  • hello:
    • selamat pagi /suh-la-mat pa-gi/ (morning)
    • selamat siang /… si-aN/ (around midday and in the early afternoon)
    • selamat sore /… so-re/ (late afternoon)
    • selamat malam /… ma-lam/ (after dark)
  • good-bye:
    • selamat tinggal /… tiN-gal/ (said by person leaving)
    • selamat jalan /… ja-lan/ (said by person staying)
  • please: tolong /toe-loN/
  • thank you: terima kasih /tree-ma ka-sih/
  • that one: itu /i-too/
  • how much? berapa /buh-ra-pa/
  • English: bahasa Inggris /ba-ha-sa iN-gris/
  • yes: ya /ya/
  • no: tidak /ti-da’/
  • generic toast: selamat minum /suh-la-mat mi-noom/ (cheers)
  • excuse me: maaf /ma-af/
  • I don’t understand: saya tidak mengerti /sa-ya ti-da’ muh-Nur-ti/
  • Do you speak English?: bisa bahasa Inggris? /bi-sa …/
  • Where is the restroom?: di mana toilet? /di ma-na toy-let/


Interlingua (Anglo-romance, planned, based on European languages)

  • Interlingua: Interlingua (een-ter-LEENG-wah)
  • hello: salute (sah-LOO-teh)
  • welcome: benvenite (ben-veh-NEE-teh)
  • good-bye: adeo (ah-DEH-oh)
  • please: per favor (per fah-VOR)
  • thank you: gratias (GRAH-tsias)
  • sorry: pardono (par-DOH-noh)
  • that one: iste (EES-teh)
  • how much?: quanto? (QUAHN-toh)
  • English: Anglese (ahng-LEH-zeh)
  • yes: si (see)
  • no: no (noh)
  • I don’t understand: Io non comprende (EE-oh non com-PREN-deh)
  • generic toast: “A vostre sanitate!” (ah VOS-treh sahn-ee-TAH-teh)


Irish (Celtic)

  • Irish: Gaeilge /ge l@ gE/ (GWAY-lih-geh)
  • welcome: fáilte /fa:l tj@/(FALL-cha)
  • good-bye: slán /sla:n/ (slawn)
  • please: le do thoil /lE dO hil/ (leh duh hill)
  • thank you: go raibh maith agat /g@ rEv mah a g@t/ (guh rev MAH a-gut)
  • sorry:tá brón orm(ta: bro:n urm)
  • that one: e sin /Sin/ (a:shin)
  • how much?: cé mhéad /ke: ved/ (kay-vade)
  • English: Béarla /be:r l@/ (BARE-lah)
  • yes: 4’sea /Sa/ (shah)
  • no: 5ní hea /ni: ha/ (knee-ha)
  • I don’t understand:ní thuigim(ni:hig-im)
  • Where’s the bathroom?:cá bhfuil an leithreas?(ka: vil un leh-ras)
  • generic toast: sláinte /sla:n tj@/ (SLAWN-tye)


Italian (Romance)

  • Italian: italiano /ita’ljano/ (ee-tah-lee-AN-oh)
  • hello: ciao /’tSao/ (chah-ow)
  • good-bye: arrivederci /ar:ive’dertSi/ (a-ree-veh-DARE-chi)
  • please: per favore /per fa’vore/ (per fa-VOAR-ay)
  • thank you: grazie /’gradzje/ (GRAT-zee-eh)
  • that one: quello /’kwel:o/ (KWEL-low) (masculine); quella /’kwel:a/ (KWEL-lah) (feminine)
  • how much? quanto /’kwanto/ (KWAN-tow)
  • English: inglese /iN’gleze/ (in-GLAY-say)
  • yes: /si/ (see)
  • no: no /no/ (no)
  • sorry: scusa /’skuza/ (SKOO-za); scusi /’skuzi/ (SKOO-zee) (polite treatment)
  • I don’t understand: non capisco /noN ka’pisko/ (non kuh pee show)
  • where’s the bathroom?: dov’è il bagno? /do’vE il ‘baJo/ (do veh eel bah nyoh)
  • generic toast: salute /salute/ (sall-OO-teh); cincin /tSin’tSin/ (cheen cheen)


Japanese

  • Japanese: 日本語 nihongo /ni ho n go/ or /ni hoN go/ (nee-hon-go)
  • hello:
    • こんにちは konnichiwa /ko n:i tSi wa/ (kohn-nee-chee-wa)
    • hello on telephone: もしもし moshi-moshi /mo Si mo Si/
  • good-bye: さようなら sayōnara /sa jo: na ra/ (sigh oh na ra)
  • please:
    • 下さい kudasai /ku da sa i/ (ku-da-sigh) (as part of a sentence, ie, “Please sit down.”)
    • どうぞ douzo /do: zo/ (Often used when offering or allowing something to someone else. Similar to “go ahead” or “feel free”)
    • お願いします onegaishimasu /o ne ga i Si ma su./ (oh-ne-gai she-mahss) (used when politely requesting a favor or action; final /u/ is voiceless [whispered] after /s/)
  • thank you: ありがとう arigatō /a ri ga to:/ (ah-ri-ga-to-oh)
  • sorry: ご免 gomen /go me n/ (go men)
  • excuse me: 済みません sumimasen /su mi ma se n/ (sue mee mah sen)
  • that one: それ sore /so re/ (so ray)
  • how much? いくら ikura /i ku ra/ (i-ku-ra)
  • English: 英語 eigo /e i go/ or /ej go/ (ay-go)
  • yes: はい hai /ha i/ or /haj/ (high)
  • no: いいえ iie /i: e/ (ee-eh)
  • where’s the bathroom?: ; トイレはどこですか toire wa doko desu ka or just トイレどこ toire doko /to i re wa do ko de su ka/ /to i re do ko/ (toy-ray wa do-ko des-ka) (toy-ray do-ko)
  • generic toast: 乾杯 kanpai /ka n pa i/ or /kam paj/ (kam-pie)
  • Do you speak English?: 英語話せますか eigo hanasemasu ka /e i go ha na se ma su ka/ (ay-go ha-na-say-mas-ka)
  • foreigner: 外国人 gaikokujin /ga i ko ku ji n/ or /gaj ko ku jin/ (informally gaijin ["guy jean"])


Klingon (Fictional from the Star Trek series)

Usage Note: Many sentences which in English would be phrased as requests are represented in Klingon by imperative verbs, which are very freely used in this language. As a result, the word “please” is absent from the Klingon lexicon. Whereas in English one asks “what is it”, in Klingon one would be more likely to say yIngu’ (literally, “Identify it!”), and for Klingons, “ordering” a drink is not a metaphor: romuluS HIq HInob “give me Romulan ale!”

  • Klingon: tlhIngan Hol /tKINAn xol/ (“Klingon language”)
  • hello: nuqneH /nuqnEx/ (literally “What do you want?”, only said when someone approaches you, not the other way around)
  • goodbye: Qapla’ /qXAplA?/ (literally “Success!”)
  • please: 9
  • thank you: qatlho’ /qAtKo?/ (when speaking to one person), Satlho’ /s`AtKo?/ (when speaking to more than one person)
  • that one: Dochvetlh /d`otSvEtK/ (literally “that thing”)
  • how much?: ‘ar? /?Ar/
  • yes: HIja’ /xIdZA?/ or HISlaH /xIs`lAx/ in response to a yes/no question; luq /luq/ in response to an order
  • no: ghobe’ /GobE?/
  • sorry: jItlhIj /dZItKIdZ/ (literally “I apologise”)
  • I don’t understand: jIyajbe’ /dZIjAdZbE?/
  • where’s the bathroom?: puchpa’ vISuch. nuqDaq ‘oH? /putSpA? vIs`utS nuqd`aq ?ox/ (literally “I seek the bathroom. Where is it?”)
  • generic toast: ‘IwlIj jachjaj /?IwlIdZ dZAtSdZAdZ/
  • Do you speak English? DIvI’ Hol DajatlhlaH’a'? /d`IvI? xol d`AdZAtKlAx?A?/
  • foreigner: nov /nov/


Korean

Note: Hangeul Revised Romanization of Korean /SAMPA/ See also: Names of Korea

  • Korean: ??? hangugeo /han ku k7/
  • hello: ????? annyeonghaseyo/an nj7N se jo/ (ah nyuhng ha say yo), ?? annyeong /an nj7N/ (ah nyuhng)

  • good-bye: ?????? annyeonghigaseyo /an nj7N hi ka se yo/ (ah nyuhng hee ga say yo), ?? annyeong /an nj7N/ (ah nyuhng)
  • please:
  • thank you: ????? gomapseupnida /ko map sMm ni ta/ (go mahp s’m nee dah), ??? gomawo /ko ma w7/ (go mah woe)
  • that one: ?? jeogeot /c7 k7t/ (juh gut)
  • how much?: ????? eolmayeoyo /7l ma j7 yo/ (uhl ma yuh yo)
  • yes: ? ne /ne/ (neh)
  • no: ??? anio /a ni o/ (ah nee oh)
  • sorry: ????? mianhamnida /mi an ham ni ta/ (mee ahn hahm nee dah)
  • I don’t understand: ?????? moreugesseumnida /mo rM kes’ Mm ni ta/ (mow l’ guess ‘im nee tah)
  • where’s the bathroom?: ???? ????? hwajangsili eodieyo /hwa caN sil i 7 ti E yo/ (hwah jahng see lee uh dee ay yo)
  • generic toast: ??! geonbae /k7n p&/ (gun ba) (2nd vowel is same as in English “bat”) , ???! wihayeo /wi ha y7/ (wee hah yuh)
  • Do you speak English?: ?? ? ? ???? yeongeo hal jul aseyo /y7N 7 hal cul a sE yo/ (young uh hall jool a say yo)


Latin (Italic)

Pronunciations given are the Ecclesiastical Pronunciation (Based on Italian, and used in some ceremonies by the Catholic church)

  • Latin: Latina /la’tina/ (“lah-TEE-nah”)
  • hello: ave! /’ave/ (“Ah-vay”)
  • goodbye: vale! /’vale/ (“vah-lay”)
  • please: si placet /si ‘platSet/ (“see PLAH-chet”)
  • thank you: gratias tibi ago /’gratsias ‘tibi ‘ago/ (“GRAH-tsee-as TI-bee AH-goh”)
  • that one: ille, illa, illud /’il:e, ‘il:a, ‘il:ud/ (“ILL-lay, ILL-lah, ILL-lud)”/
  • how much?: quot? /kwot/ (“quote”)
  • yes: certe /’tSerte/ (“CHAIR-tay”)
  • no: non, nullo modo /’non, ‘nul:o ‘modo/ (“noan, NUL-loh MO-doh”)
  • sorry: ignosce mihi /i’JoSe ‘mihi/ (“een-YOH-shay MEE-hee”)
  • I don’t understand: non comprehendo /noN kompre’hendo/ (“noan com-pray-HEN-doh”)
  • where’s the bathroom? ubi sunt latrinae /’ubi sunt la’trin{/ (“OO-bee sunt lah-TREE-nay”)
  • generic toast: salutem! /sa’lutem/ (“sah-LOO-tehm”)
  • Do you speak English? loqueris anglice? /lo’kweris aN’glitSe/ (“loh-quay-riss awn-glee-chay?”)


Low Saxon (Germanic)

  • Low Saxon: Plattdu:u:tsch /”Plutt deech/
  • hello: moin /moyn/
  • good-bye: tschüss /’chuss/
  • please: bidde /bidde/
  • thank you: danke /”D{Nka/
  • that one: düssen /”Dussan/
  • how much?: wo veel /vo “Fayl/
  • yes: jou /yow/
  • no: nee /nay/
  • sorry: tschulligung /’choo-lee-goonk/
  • I don’t understand: Ik v?rstah nich / eek forstaa nix /
  • where’s the bathroom?: wo is dat bad? /vow is dutt baad/
  • generic toast: nich lang snacken – kopp in’n nacken! /neex lung snuckan ‘kopp inAkan/
  • Do you speak English?: snacks du englisch? /snucks doo english/

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Lojban (a priori planned language)

  • Lojban: la lojban /lah LOZH-bahn/
  • hello: coi /shoy/
  • good-bye: co’o /SHO-ho/
  • please: pe’u /PEH-hoo/
  • thank you: ki’e /KEE-heh/
  • that one: ta /tah/
  • how much?: la’u ma /LAH-hoo mah/
  • English: le glibau /leh GLEE-bow/
  • yes: .i go’i /ee GO-hee/
  • no: .i na go’i /ee nah GO-hee/
  • generic toast:


Maori (Austronesian)

  • Maori: māori /ma:o4i/
  • hello: tēnā koe /te:na: koe/ (to one person), tānā kōrua /te:na: ko:4ua/ (to two people), tānā koutou /te:na: koutou/
  • good-bye: e noho rā /e noho 4a:/
  • please: koa /koa/
  • thank you: kia ora /kia o4a/
  • how much?: pēhea? /pe:hea/
  • yes: a /a/
  • no: kaore /kao4e/


Marathi (Indian languages)

  • Marathi: maraaThee
  • hello:
  • good-bye: achhaa
  • please: krupah yaa
  • thank you: aa bhaar
  • how much?: kitee
  • yes: ho
  • no: naa hee


Nigerian pidgin (English-based pidgin)

  • Nigerian pidgin:  
  • hello: How now
  • good-bye: A go dey see yu now
  • please: A beg
  • thank you: Thank yu
  • that one:  
  • how much?:  
  • English: Oyinbo
  • yes: Yes
  • no: No
  • generic toast:  


Norwegian (Germanic)

  • Norwegian: norsk /’nOSk/ (norsk)
  • hello: hallo /hA’lu:/
  • good-bye: farvel /fA4′wel/ (far well)
  • please: v?r s? snill /’w{:r so snil/
  • thank you: takk /tAk/ (takh)
  • that one: den /den/ (den)
  • how much?: hvor mye /wu4 my:@/
  • English: engelsk /’eNelsk/
  • yes: ja /jA:/ (yah)
  • no: nei /n{j/ (nay)
  • can I take your picture?: kan jeg ta bilde av deg?
  • where is the bathroom?: hvor er badet?
  • where do you come from?: hvor kommer du fra?
  • do you speak English?: snakker du engelsk?
  • generic toast: sk?l /sko:l/


Pennsylvania German, Pennsylvania Dutch (Germanic)

(dialects may vary)

  • Pennsylvania Dutch: Pennsilfaani(isch)-Deitsch
  • hello: hiya
  • good-bye: bis schpeeder
  • please: please
  • thank you: danki schee
  • that one: da do
  • how much: Wie viel
  • English: Englisch
  • yes: Ya
  • no: nee
  • Can I take your picture?: Kann ich dei Pikder nemme?
  • Where is the washroom?: Wu is die Baadschtupp?
  • Sorry I don’t understand.: Sorry, Ich verschteh dich net.


Polish (Slavic)


Portuguese (Romance)

  • Portuguese: português /purtu’geS/
  • hello: olá /u’l{/
  • good-bye: adeus /@’deuS/
  • please: por favor /pur f@’vQr/
  • thank you: obrigada (feminine) /ubri’gat/ or obrigado /ubri’gat/(masculine)
  • sorry: perdoe /p@r’do/ or desculpe /d@S’kulp/
  • that one: aquele (masculine) /@’kel/; aquela (feminine) /@’kEl/
  • how much?: quanto? /kwa~t/
  • English: inglês /i~g’leS/
  • yes: sim /si~/
  • no: n?o /nau~/
  • I don’t understand: N?o compreendo /nau~ co~prE~t/
  • where’s the bathroom?: Onde fica a casa-de-banho? /u~d fik @ kaz@d@baJ/
  • generic toast: à vossa! /{ vQs/
  • Do you speak English?: Fala inglês? /fal i~g’leS/


Quenya (Fictional from J. R. R. Tolkien’s work)

  • Quenya: Quenya /”kweJa/
  • hello: mára cal? /”ma:ra kale/
  • good-bye: namári? /na”ma:rie/; mára mesta /”ma:ra “mesta/
  • please:
  • thank you: hantanyel /hanta”Jel/ (lit. I thank you)
  • sorry:
  • that one:
  • how much?:
  • English:
  • yes: /”je:/
  • no: /”la:/
  • I don’t understand: ni lá hanyan /”ni “la: “haJan/
  • where’s the bathroom?:
  • generic toast:
  • Do you speak English?:


Romanian (Romance)

  • Romanian: romane?te /rom1′neSte/, limba roman? /’limba ro’m1n@/
  • hello: Bun? ziua /’bun@ ‘ziwa/
  • good bye: La revedere /la reve’dere/
  • please: V? rog /v@ ‘rog/
  • thank you: Mul?umesc /multsu’mesk/
  • how much?: Cat cost?? /k1t ‘kost@/
  • English: engleze?te /engle’zeSte/, limba englez? /’limba en’glez@/
  • do you speak English?: Vorbi?i engleze?te? /vor’bitsi_0 engle’zeSte/
  • yes: da /da/
  • no: nu /nu/
  • I don’t understand: Nu ?n?eleg /nu 1ntse’leg/
  • generic toast: Noroc! /no’roc/
  • where’s the bathroom?: Unde e toaleta? /’unde je twa’leta/


Russian (Slavic)


Sanskrit (Indo-Iranian)

  • Sanskrit: //
  • hello: namo namah //
  • good-bye: //
  • please: //
  • thank you: anugurihiitosumi //
  • that one: //
  • how much?: //
  • English: //
  • yes: ava //
  • no: //
  • generic toast: //


Sardinian (Romance)

  • Sardinian: sardu /’sarDu/ “sar-doo”
  • good-bye: adiosu /a’Djosu/ “ah-dhyohsoo”
  • bye-bye: a nos bidere /anos’biDere/ “a-nohss-BI-dere”
  • please: pro piaghere /’pro pja’Gere/ “pro pee-ah-gh-er-ay”
  • thank you: grassias /’grasias/ “GRAHSS-yahss”
  • that one: cussu /’kusu/ “KU-hssoo”
  • how much?: cantu /’kantu/ “KAHN-too”
  • English: Ingresu /in’gresu/ “in-GRAY-soo”
  • yes: eia /’eja/
  • no: no /’no/
  • sorry:
  • I don’t understand:
  • where’s the bathroom?:
  • hello, and generic toast: salude /sa’luDe/ “saw-LOODHE”


Serbian (Slavic)


Slovak (Slavic)

  • Slovak (adjective): slovensky (SLOvenskii) /slO-vEns-ki:/
  • Slovak (adverb): po slovensky (POslovenski) /pO-slo-vEns-ki/
  • hello: dobry deň (DObree dyeniy) /dO-bri: dj, ‘EJ/ Literal translation: good day
  • good-bye: dovidenia (DOvidyeniya) /dO-vi-dj, ‘E-Ji_^ V/
  • please: prosím (Vás) (PROseem vaas) /p4O-si:m vV:s/
  • thank you: ?akujem (Vám) (DYAkooyem vaam) /dj, ‘V-ku-jEm vV:m/
  • that one: tamten (TAMten) /tVm-tEn/
  • how much?: ko?ko (KOlioko) /kOlj, ‘-kO/
  • English (adjective): anglicky (ANglytscyy) /VN-glic-ki:/
  • English (adverb): po anglicky (POanglytscy) /pO-VN-glic-ki/
  • yes: áno (AANO) /V: nO/ or hej (HEY) /hEj/
  • no: nie (niye) /Ji_^E/
  • generic toast: Na zdravie (NAzdravye) /nV-zd4-Vvi_^E/
  • sorry: Prepá?te (PREpaachtye) /p4E-pV:tS-tj, ‘E/
  • I don’t understand: Nerozumiem /NYErozoomyem/ (JE-4Ozu-mi_^Em/
  • Where is [the bathroom (toilet)]?: Kde je [záchod]? (KDYE YE ZAA-khod) /gdE jE zV:xOd/
  • Do you speak [English]?: Hovoríte [po anglicky]? (HOvoriitye POanglytscy) /hO-vo-4i:-tj, ‘E pO-VN-glic-ki/


Slovene (Slavic)

  • Slovene: slovensko /slo-vEn-s-cO/
  • hello: zdravo /ZdrA-vO/ (z like in zebra) Literal translation: healthy
  • good-bye: na svidenje /na swE-den-yE/
  • please: prosim /prO-sim/ (pro- => prospect, -sim => simulation)
  • thank you: hvala /hvA-la/
  • that one: tisti /tI-s-ti/ (ti-, -ti => Tibet)
  • how much?: koliko? /co-lE-co/ (co-, -co => cup)
  • English: angle?ko /A-nglE-S-co/
  • yes: da /dA/
  • no: ne /nE/
  • generic toast: na zdravje /nA z-drA-oU-yE/ Literal translation: to (our) health


Spanish (Romance)

  • Spanish: castellano /kaste’Lano/ (kass-teh-LYA-naw); espa?ol /espa’Jol/ (ess-pahn-YOHL)
  • hello: hola /’ola/ (OH-la)
  • good-bye: adiós [a'Djos] (ah-THYOHS)
  • please: por favor [por fa'Bor] (pour fah-VOAR)
  • thank you: gracias /’graTjas/ (GRAHSS-yahss)
  • sorry: perdón [per'Don]
  • that one: ése /’ese/ (EH-seh) (masculine); ésa /’esa/ (EH-sah) (feminine)
  • how much?: cuánto /’kwanto/ (KWAHN-taw)
  • English: inglés [iN'gles] (ing-GLESS)
  • yes: /’si/ (see)
  • no: no /’no/ (no)
  • I don’t understand: no comprendo [nokom'prendo], no entiendo
  • where’s the bathroom?: ?Dónde está el ba?o? ['dondes'tael'BaJo] (DON day esTAH el BA-nyaw)
  • generic toast: salud [sa'luD] (sah-LOOTHE)
  • Do you speak English?: ?Habla usted inglés? ['aBlaws'teDiN'gles] (AH blah OOS ted ing-GLESS)


Swahili (Bantu)

Usage Note: Greetings in Swahili are an incredibly complex affair and are a crucial aspect of Swahili culture; it is not uncommon for a conversation to last five minutes before it actually moves beyond saying “Hello”. There is no generic word for “Hello” in the language, rather there are numerous options depending on the relative ages and/or race of the people involved, as well as singular and plural forms. A non-comprehensive list would include “hujambo” (reply “sijambo”) for two people of similar age and race, “jambo” (reply “jambo”) for between white and black people, “Shikamoo” (reply “Marahaba”) for a young person to an elderly person, “Hodi” (reply “Karibu”) when in the doorway of a house. There are additionally numerous informal greetings such as “Mambo”, “Safi”, and many more. Curiously, farewells are abrupt or even non-existent.

  • Swahili: Kiswahili /ki swa hi li/ (kee-swa-HEE-lee)
  • hello: Jambo (ja m boh) or (ya m boh)
  • good-bye: kwa heri /kwa he ri/ (kwa HAY-ree)
  • please: tafadhali /ta fa Da li/ (tah-fah-tha-lee)

  • thank you: asante /a san te/ (ah-SAHN-tey)
  • that one: yule /ju le/ (YOO-lay)
  • how much?: ngapi /Na pi/ (ng-AH-pee)
  • English: Kingereza /ki Ne re za/ (k-ing-reza)
  • yes: ndiyo /n di jo/ (nn-DEE-yoh)
  • no: hapana /ha pa na/
  • generic toast: //


Swedish (Germanic)

  • Swedish: svenska
  • hello: hej /hey/
  • good-bye: hejd? (HEY-doh)
  • please: tack (tahck)
  • thank you: tack (tahck)
  • that one: den d?r (den dehr)
  • how much?: hur mycket (huwr MICK-eh)
  • English: engelska (ENG-el-skah)
  • yes: ja /ja/ (yah)
  • no: nej /nEj/ (neigh)
  • generic toast: sk?l /skOl/ (skal or skol)


Tagalog / Filipino (Malayo-Polynesian)

  • English: Ingglés /?IN”glEs/ (ing-GLES)
  • Filipino: Pilipino /%pili”pino/ (pih-lih-PIH-noh)
  • Tagalog: Tagalog /t6″galog/ (tah-GAH-log)
  • hello: kumustá /kumus”ta/ (koo-mus-TAH)
  • good-bye: paalam /p6″?alam/ (pa-AH-lam)
  • please: Depending on the nature of the verb, either pakí- /p6″ki/ (pah-KEE) or makí- /m6″ki/ (mah-KEE) is attached as a prefix to a verb. nga /Na?/ (ngah) is optionally added after verb to increase politeness.
  • thank you: salamat /s6″lamat/(sah-LAH-mat)
  • that one: iyan /?i”jan/ (ee-YAN)
  • how much?: magkano? /m6g”kano/ (mag-KAH-noh?)
  • yes: oo /”o?o/(O-awe) [o has neutral pronunciation]
  • no: hind? /hIn”dE?/ (hin-DEH)
  • sorry: pasensya p? /p6″sEnSa po?/ (pah-SEN-shah PO)
  • I don’t understand: Hind? ko maintindihan /hin’di ko m6?In%tIndi”han/ (hin-DEE koh ma-in-TIN-dih-HAN)
  • Where’s the bathroom?: Nasaán ang banyo? /%nas6?an ?aN “banjo/(NA-sa-AN ang BAN-yoh?)
  • generic toast: Mabuhay! /m6″buhaI/ (mah-BOO-high) [literally - "long live"]
  • Do you speak English? Marunong ka bang magsalita ng Ingglés? /m6″runON ka baN m6gsali”ta naN ?IN”glEs/ (mah-ROO-nohng kah bang mag-sah-li-TAH nahng eeng-GLESS?)


Taiwanese

See article.


Tamil (Dravidian)

  • Tamizh: Tamizh /ta miK\\/ or /ta mil/
  • hello: Vanakkam /va na k:am/
  • good-bye: poit varen /po it va ren/
  • please: dayavu koorndu /ta ja vu ko:n‘ tu/
  • thank you: nandri /nan t‘i/
  • that one: adhu /a thu/
  • how much?: evvalavu /e v:a la vu/
  • English: aangilam /a: Ni lam/
  • yes: aamam /a: mam/
  • no: illai /i l:aj/
  • generic toast: poriyal /po ri jal/


Telugu (Indo-Dravidian)

  • Telugu: Andhra Bhasha /an dhra bha Sa/
  • hello: namaskaaram /na mas ka: ram/
  • good-bye: Selavu /se la vu/
  • please: Daya chesi /da ja tSe si/
  • thank you: Dhanyavadamulu /dhan ja va da mu lu/
  • that one: mari ado /ma ri a do/
  • how much?: Enta /en ta/
  • English: Aanglam /a:N lam/
  • yes: Avunu /a vu nu/
  • no: Kaadu /ka: du/
  • generic toast: Kakarakaaya vepudu /ka ka ra ka: ja ve pu du/


Tok Pisin (Neo-Melanesian English creole)

  • Tok Pisin: Tok Pisin
  • hello: gut de
  • good-bye: gut bai
  • please: plis
  • thank you: tenkyu
  • that one: em
  • how much?: haumas
  • English: Inglis
  • yes: yes
  • no: nogat


Toki Pona (planned pidgin based on sources from around the world)

Words are accented on the first syllable.

  • Toki Pona: toki pona
  • hello: toki!
  • good-bye: mi tawa (said by person leaving); tawa pona (said by person staying)
  • thank you: pona
  • that one: ni
  • how much?: mute seme?
  • English: toki Inli
  • yes: lon4
  • no: lon ala5
  • generic toast: telo nasa pona!
  • Do you speak English?: sina sona ala sona e toki Inli?


Ukrainian (Slavic)

  • Ukrainian: Укра?нська (Ukrayins`ka)
  • hello: Здоровеньк? були (Zdoroven`ki buly) Literal translation: (may we) be healthy
  • good-bye: до побачення (Do pobachennya)
  • please: Будь-ласка (Bud` laska)
  • thank you: Дякую (Dyakuyu)
  • that one: Цей (Tcey)
  • how much?: ск?льки (Skil`ky)
  • English: Англ?йська (Angliys`ka)
  • yes: Так (Tak)
  • no: Н? (Ni)
  • generic toast: За кохання (Za kohannya)


Welsh (Celtic)


Volapük (planned, based mostly on English and other European languages)

  • Volapük: Volapük
  • hello: Glidis
  • welcome: vek?m
  • good-bye: ledit
  • please: if plüdol
  • thank you: dan?
  • sorry: pard?
  • that one: atos
  • how much?: flaged??
  • English: Linglanik, Nelijik
  • yes: si
  • no: no
  • I don’t understand: No suemob


Xhosa language (Nguni languages, Bantu)

Note: [||\\] represents a lateral click, and [K] represents a voiceless lateral fricative (equivalent to Welsh “ll”).

  • Xhosa: isiXhosa /i si ||\\ho sa/ (ee see kho sa)
  • hello: Molo /mo lo/ (mow low)
  • good bye: sala kakuhle /sa la ka ku Ke/ (sa la ka koo hlay)
  • please: enkosi /N ko si/ (‘ng ko see)
  • thank you: enkosi kakhulu /N ko si ka khu lu/ (‘ng ko see kuh coo loo)
  • that one: le, lo, olu, oku, yona, yena, etc. (depends on noun class)
  • English: isiNgesi /i si Ne si/ (ee seeng ay see)
  • yes: ewe /e we/ (ay way)
  • no: hayi /ha ji/ (ha yee)
2004年09月02日

申根签证简介

 

申根(Schengen)是卢森堡东南边境的一个小城镇。

1985年6月14日,欧盟成员国德国、比利时、荷兰、法国和卢森堡5个国家在流经申根的摩泽尔河上的一条游船上,签署了“关于逐步取消共同边界检查”的协定,称为“申根协定”。

协定表示,“如果可能,在1990年1月1日以前取消对人员和商品的边界检查”。此后,西班牙、葡萄牙也加入这一协定国行列。但由于各方面原因,“申根协定”未能如期生效。1995年3月26日为“申根协定”不可逆转的最后生效日期。1997年10月26日、12月8日、12月1日,欧盟的意大利、希腊、奥地利又分别加入“申根协定”国。 北欧五国:丹麦、瑞典、挪威、芬兰和冰岛也于2001年3月25日加入了申根协定。这样,已有15个国家互相取消了内部边界,实现了“人员自由流动”的梦想。

至此,无论是不是欧盟成员国家的公民,无论来自哪个国家的外国人,只要在这15个国家中的其中一个国家获得了合法居留和入境签证,就等于也同时获得了上述15个国家自由通行的权利,去其他协定国可以免办签证。

但是,特别要说明的是,现存申根国家有两种签证。

一种是直接申报签证——到这15个申根国,凡是申请以短期停留为目的而得到的签证,都是多次出入的申根签证。3个月之内(不包括3个月)都算短期。一般从哪个国家入境或者在哪个国家停留时间最长,就向哪个国家的使馆申请申根签证。如果不是去一个国家,同时还要去好几个申根国,那么就在申请申根签证的同时递给所要去的这些申根国的邀请信,使馆会根据你在这些国家一共所需停留的时间,给你相应的允许停留天数。你可以在签证有效期内(允许停留时间),在这15个国家中穿梭往返,一路绿灯。例如,虽然你在德国使馆申请并得到申根签证,但你第一个入境国不一定是德国,你可以选择这15个国家中任何一个国家入境和停留。

另一种是间接申根签证——就是过去那种只对某一个国家入境有效的签证。到这15个申根国,凡是申请长期居住而得到了签证,都属这种。3个月以后(包括3个月)都算长期。长期D类签证都不直接给申根签证,申请到哪个国家的签证,就只能从颁发签证国入境,而到了那个国家后的一周左右时间内办理这个国家的长期居住手续,然后凭这个国家的长期居住卡即可在申根国自由出入,享受申根待遇。

当你拿到申根协定国的签证时,要仔细看看你得到的签证是属于哪一种,然后再根据签证种类,选择你的入境国,为你的出访计划安排一个最佳的路线。

2004年08月09日

去科技馆看完《大峡谷》之后,我最想去大峡谷

2004年08月04日

凯腾  www.caitn.com               65539009
华讯  www.airticket.com.cn        65906688-2312
国旅  www.citsair.com.cn/newcitsair/default.htm    85228877
凯华  www.koya.com.cn             64440950/51/52

 

2004年08月03日

第一、准备好行装
出门在外,成其是到外国旅游,早些拟出一个单子,写出
要带的东西,然后按图索引,可以避免出发前临时忙乱。如果
到东南亚旅游,可别忘了,那里永远都是夏天。您的夏季衣服
一定别忘了带。我们很多人在国内住过饭店,就以为国外的饭
店啥都有,不用准备,这就错了。东南亚国家的多数饭店,别
管多高档次,牙具、拖鞋都不给您预备。如果您忘记带,小事
也能让您很尴尬。

第二、带好必备的药品
旅行当中带些必备的药品,是聪明的办法。谁能保证自己
旅行途中不生病呢?一旦身体不适,身边的小药就能救大急。
国旅总社的“健康老人世界游踪”团发给客人的保健药盒,其
中的几种药可以说就是您应该在行囊中必备的药:感冒通、乘
晕宁、息思敏、黄莲素、创可贴等,心脏病人还千万别忘了带
硝酸甘油!另外,可能的话,带一支体温表也不算多余。

第三、了解外国的民俗民风和规矩
泰国的小孩的头摸不得,印度的小孩您抱不得。象这些异
国他乡的规矩,在到人家国家旅游的时候,您还真应当了解一
些。否则,人家并不会因为你是外国人,就不再责怪你。比如
到泰国,您去之前一定要弄清楚了这些一些习俗:进入寺庙要
脱鞋,女士见到僧侣要避让,游览大皇宫女士不能穿短裙和凉
鞋。有不良卫生习惯的人千万要当心,在新加坡街头随地吐痰、
乱扔废物,高额的罚款会让你脑袋大一圈。

第四、拿一张饭店的卡片
到语言为通的国家去旅行,一到饭店,先在总台拿一张饭
店的卡片。干嘛使?用处可大了。卡片上有饭店的地址、电话,
您可以给司机看,立刻就会化险为夷。曾有客人在泰国不拿卡
片半夜还找不到饭店,最后满目忧伤让警车送回来的先例。因
而,拿卡片事虽小,但能保证您的出行顺利。

第五、了解饭店房间里的付费情况
饭店房间里什么东西可用,什么东西不可用,这可要先请
导游帮助问好了。房间里有些电视节目看了是要付费的,冰箱
里的东西用过后多数也要付费。东南亚的饭店房间里一般没有
热水,冰箱里有两瓶矿泉水是可以用来解渴的。如果您不知道,
也是一种浪费。

第六、贵重物品存放总台保险柜
您的贵重物品,在外出时,存放在饭店总台的保险柜中比
放在房间里保险。一般饭店的总台都有这种保险柜,免费给客
人存放贵重物品。钥匙由饭店留一把,您自个拿一把。顺便说
一句。外国的饭店很多都有规定,您的贵重物品如果在房间里
丢失,他们并不负责赔偿。

第七、购物时要慎重
假冒伪劣产品,并不只是中国才有。您在东南亚一些国家

购物,一样会碰到。选购金银手饰、宝石制品等高价值商品,
断不能只听信商家可退可换的承诺。您一定要想好了再买。为
帮客人退货折腾几回仍办不妥的事例,好些旅行社都遇到过。

第八、身上带钱要适量
在国外单独上街,您身上带的钱一定要适量。因为中国人
多不是用信用卡、旅行支票等支付手段,总爱带大量现金在身,
所以,国外的有些强盗专门打动中国人。身上一分钱不带也不
好,在美国治安不好城市,为保安全,无论如何您也应带上20
美金的保命钱在身。

第九、选择一家服务好信誉佳的旅行社很重要
因为中国公民目前出国旅游一般是选择旅行社团队的旅游
方式,找一家服务好质量优的旅行社就是至关重要的问题了。
现在北京合法做中国公民出国游生意的旅行社只有国旅总社等
四家,服务与质量就由您来挑选了。

第十、千万别忘了护照、机票
参加团队旅游时,领队在其他国家会帮您保管护照。但在
香港,可能“阿色”(警官)会在街头查验护照,所以护照您
还是要自己保存随身携带。机票也得妥善保管。您如果匆匆忙
忙赶到机场,忽然发现机票没带,恐怕那就笑不出来了。?

旅行药品与应急物品

氟哌酸胶囊:用于呼吸道、泌尿道、消化道、妇科、皮肤、五官和软组织等器官和部位
的感染。

麦迪霉素:用于金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎双球菌、淋球菌引起?的各种炎症和肿毒

头孢氨苄胶囊:用于各种炎症,每次服2~4粒,每日3~4次,儿童酌减。青霉素过敏者忌
用。

乙酰螺旋霉素片:用于金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎双球菌、淋球菌、梅毒螺旋体所
引起的感染,也可用于支原体肺炎。

四环素片:用于呼吸道、肠道、泌尿道感染。每次服2片,每日4次。孕妇和婴儿慎用。

土霉素片:作用、剂量、服用次数和禁忌同四环素片。

黄连素片:用于肠道感染。每次服2~3片,1日2次,饭后服。孕?妇慎用。

复方新诺明:用于呼吸道、泌尿疲乏、肠道感染。每次服2片、1日2次,饭后服。对磺胺
药物过敏者禁用。

黄连上清片:清热解毒、抗菌消炎,用于咽炎、牙龈炎、通便。每次4片,?1日2次。

牛黄解毒片:清热解毒、抗菌消炎,用于咽炎、扁桃腺炎、牙龈炎、口腔?溃疡、?急性
结膜炎、疖肿。

病毒灵(吗啉双胍):对多种病毒有抑制作用。用于感冒等。每次0.1克,1日3次。

金刚烷胺:抗亚洲甲Ⅱ型流感病毒及其它病毒,用于流感。每次0.1克,1日2次。

板蓝根冲剂:清热、解毒,有抗病毒作用,主要用于感昌、上呼吸?道感染和咽炎。每次
冲服1~2包,1日2~3次。

板蓝根片:作用同板蓝根冲剂。每次服4片,1日3次。

速效伤风胶囊:用于感冒发热。每次服1粒,1日3次,血液病患者慎用。

银翘解毒片:用于感冒初起。每次服4~6片,1日2次。

羚翘解毒片:用于感冒初起和发热较高者,每次服4~6片,1日2次。

羚翘解毒丸:作用同羚翘解毒片。每次服1~2丸,1日2次。

咳必清:用于无痰干咳,每次服25毫克,1日3~4次。

复方甘草片:镇咳祛痰。每次服1~2片,1日3次。不能长期服用。

复方川贝片:镇咳祛痰,用于热咳。每次2~3片,1日3次。

维C银翘片:用于流感、急性热病发热、头痛咳嗽、四肢怠倦咽喉红肿。每次服2~3片,
每日3次。

喉痛灵糖衣片:用于急性化脓性咽喉炎、扁桃腺炎、感冒发热、上呼吸道炎、疗疮。每
次服4~6片,1日3~4次,儿童酌减。

喘定:用于支气管嘟喘。每次服1~2片,1日3次。

牡荆油丸:镇咳、祛痰、平喘,用于慢性支气管炎和支气管哮喘。每次服1~2丸,1日3次

六神丸:消肿解毒,用于急性扁桃腺炎、咽炎、痈疽、疮疖等,内服外敷。每次服10粒
,1日1~2次,以含服疗效更佳。儿童酌减量。外敷可用开水调成糊状涂患处。孕妇禁用

喉症丸:同六神丸。

草珊瑚含片:抗菌消炎、止血止痛,用于口腔及咽喉炎症。每次含服1~2片,每小时内2
~4次,1日10~20片。

雷尼替丁:抗酸,保护溃疡面,用于胃溃疡、胃酸过多、胃痛。每次服150毫升,1日2次
,4~6周为一疗程。

西咪替丁(甲氰咪胍):作用同雷尼替丁,但疗效不如雷尼替丁,且副作用比较多。每
次服200毫克,1日3次,临睡前加服400毫克,4~6周为一疗程。

胃舒平:抑制胃酸,保护溃疡面,用于胃酸过多、胃溃疡、胃痛。每次嚼服2~4片,1日
3~4次。不宜与四环素同用,青光眼患者忌用。

普鲁本辛:用于胃溃疡、胃酸过多、胃炎、胃肠痉挛。每次服15~30?毫克,1日3次。青
光眼病人忌用。

颠茄浸膏片:解胃肠痉挛性疼痛。每次服8~15毫克,1日3次。青光眼病人忌用。

胃复安:用于呕吐、暖气、胃酸过多、胃胀。每次服3~4毫克,1日3次。

多酶片:帮助消化,增进食欲。每次服1~2片,1日3次。

藿香正气丸(水):清暑化湿、和胃止呕,用于腹胀、呕吐、中暑头痛。每次服1管,1
日2~3次。

痢特灵(呋喃唑酮):用于治疗细菌性痢疾、消化性溃疡、泌尿道感染、伤寒、副伤寒

果导片(酚酞):缓泻作用,用于习惯性便秘。

乘晕宁:行前半小时服50毫克,可1日3次。

乘晕静:同乘晕宁。